Marasmus & Kwashiokor

Difference Between Marasmus & Kwashiokor

Marasmus	Kwashiokor
1. Under weight	1. Extremely under weight below 60%
2. edema is always present	2. edema is absent
3. thin muscles with fat present	3. muscle wasting and loss of subcutaneous fat
4. puffy moon face	4. monkey face
5. hair changes present	5. hair are normal
6. miserable and apathetic look	6. alert face
7. poor appetite	7. good appetite
8. skin changes with dermatitis	8. normal skin

Alarming Signs of Cancer

Alarming Signs of Cancer (Cautoin)

·         Pressure on surrounding organs or nerves

·         Distortion of surrounding tissues

·         Obstruction of lumen of tubes

·         Disturbance of body metabolism

·         Change in bowel or bladder habits

·         A sore that does not heal

·         Unusual bleeding or discharge

·         Thickening or lump in the breast or else where

·         Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing

·         Obvious change in wart or more

·         Nagging cough or hoarseness

Jaundice

Jaundice:  

It is a yellowish coloring of body tissues, resulting from an alteration in normal bilirubin metabolism or flow of bile into the hepatic or biliary duct system

Types of Jaundice

1.      Haemolytic Jaundice

It is due to an increased breakdown of red blood cells which produces an increased amount of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood. The liver is unable to handle this increased load.

Causes: blood transfusion reaction, sickle cell crisis, haemolytic anaemia

2.      Haepatocellular Jaundice (hepatic)

It results from the liver’s altered ability to take up bilirubin from the blood or to conjugate or excrete it. Both unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin serum levels increase

Causes: hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocarcinoma

3.      Obstructive Jaundice (posthepatic)

It is due to impeded or obstructed flow of bile through the liver or biliary duct system. The obstruction may be intrahepatic or extrahepatic.

Causes: liver tumours, hepatitis, cirrhosis, carcinoma of pancreas head   

Sign and Symptoms of Jaundice

·         Extreme weakness, headache, fever

·         Loss of appetite, fatigue

·         Severe constipation, nausea  

·         Yellow discoloration of the eyes, tongue, skin and urine

Leukaemia

Leukaemia is a group of malignant disorder affecting the blood and blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow lymph system and spleen

Types of leukaemia

·         Acute leukaemia

o   Acute lymphocytic leukaemia(ALL)

o   Acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML)

·         Chronic leukaemia

o   Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia(CLL)

o   Chronic Myelogenous leukaemia(CML)

o   Lymphedema

GASTRITIS

1.      GASTRITIS

It is an inflammation of the gastric mucosa. It refers to a diffuse of localized response of the gastric mucosa to injury or infection. Most often the cause is infection with the same bacteria -- Helicobacter pylori -- that causes stomach ulcers. Its classification is acute and chronic gastritis

Signs and Symptoms:

The most common symptoms of gastritis are stomach upset and pain. Other possible symptoms include:

·         Indigestion (dyspepsia), Heartburn, Abdominal pain, Hiccups, Loss of appetite

·        Nausea, Vomiting, Dark stools

Risk Factors:

• Infection with H. pylori
• Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
• Any condition that requires relief from chronic pain using NSAIDS, such as chronic low back pain, fibromyalgia, or arthritis
• Alcoholism, Cigarette smoking, Older age

Treatment

·         Healthy life style, good nutrition

·         Medication like antacids, H2 blocker, Proton-pump inhibitors

·         Nutrition and Dietary Supplements